Immediate redirection of funds for non-priority budget categories to emergency response ...

“Cat” bonds are debt instruments that transfer risk for specifically named catastrophic events (earthquakes, cyclones, etc.) from one party (typically ...

Can take on a variety of structures, but broadly intended to provide capital to a group of stakeholders (via the ...

Loan capital (no ownership stake) to a portfolio of projects (e.g., water treatment facilities, commercial real estate), companies, or individuals ...

Forgiveness of sovereign or subnational debt obligations in exchange for using the freed-up capital to fund specific climate adaptation activities ...

Direct funding to achieve development outcomes where a commercial solution is not viable ...

Direct development and investment in an infrastructure project by either a private developer investor and/or donor ...

Instruments that offer an interest-rate discount or other financial incentive to the borrower if they are able to achieve development ...

Lines of credit (or grants) typically provided to governments to pay for the increased cost of emergency response and humanitarian ...

Index insurance is an insurance instrument that pays out benefits on the basis of a predetermined metric (the index)—such as ...

Similar to direct infrastructure investing, this structure involves financing based on a government contract (power purchase agreement, water concession) as ...

Investments in an ownership stake a portfolio of companies ...

Funding to directly support projects or companies to improve the commercial viability (investment readiness) of their project, product, or business ...

Pooling mechanisms are instruments that aggregate risk across a portfolio of projects, countries, cities, etc. to provide diversification for the ...

Direct transfers of funds to affected parties to meet immediate survival needs ...

Capital to build capacity of a supporting institution or stakeholder in order to advance development objectives (and in some cases ...